I've been tearing my hair out (what's left of it) with this issue for a while now. I wish I stumbled upon this post sooner. Removing the broken shortcuts allowed me to add the RemoteApp connection with zero issues. Thank you for this answer!!!!!!!!!We were having this issue on a machine and discovered that the Start Menu folder with all of the RemoteApp Shortcuts had not been deleted when they removed the connections. We manually deleted these folders and we were able to restore the connections.
The RemoteApp shortcuts will be in a folder under:
C:\Users\%username%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs
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RemoteApp and Desktop Connections update returns Error code: 0x80070003
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